Mensajes persuasivos en redes sociales de la industria de alimentos y bebidas no saludables.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los mensajes persuasivos usados por la industria de alimentos y bebidas no saludables en las redes sociales más visitadas por niñas, niños y adolescentes mexicanos y determinar a qué grupo de edad estaban dirigidos. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 892 anuncios de los 20 productos y marcas de alimentos y bebidas no saludables más consumidas en México publicados en las cuentas oficiales de dichos productos y marcas en YouTube, Facebook e Instagram. Se determinó el mensaje primario y el público objetivo (niños, adolescentes o ambos) y se clasificó como emocional o racional. RESULTADOS: En Facebook, la proporción de anuncios con mensajes emocionales (50.7%) y mensajes racionales (49.3%) fue similar. En YouTube hubo mayor proporción de mensajes racionales (60.2%). Se encontraron 2.9 más posibilidades de que un mensaje persuasivo emocional se dirija a niños o adolescentes en comparación con mensajes que no tienen publicidad dirigida. Conclusión. La naturaleza de los mensajes persuasivos analizados depende de la red social en la que se presentaron. La industria alimentaria dirige sus mensajes a niños o adolescentes, razón por la que es importante regular la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas no saludables en redes sociales que busca influir en el comportamiento y las decisiones de compra de niñas, niños y adolescentes.

Exercise Programs Combined with Diet Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.

Sarcopenia is a progressive and frequent syndrome among older adults highly related to physical inactivity and malnutrition. Nowadays, it is considered a pathology that triggers multiple health complications associated with the loss of muscle mass, strength, autonomy, and quality of life. The objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise programs combined with dietary supplementation on body composition as the primary outcome. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the elements considered for planning a systematic review by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the search was performed in the Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed databases for the last 10 years. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Regular resistance exercise together with daily essential amino acids or whey protein and vitamin D supplementation improve the maintenance or gains in appendiceal/skeletal muscle mass and total lean mass in sarcopenic older adults. The data suggest a synergistic effect not only on the primary outcome, but also on other variables such as strength, speed, stability, and other indicators of quality of life. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022344284.

Dehiscence and prolonged storage of 'Kerman' Pistachios: Effects on morphometry and nutraceutical value.

'Kerman' pistachios (KP; Pistacia vera L.) are an important crop for several countries but their commercial value is diminished by their shell dehiscence status and prolonged storage in popular marketplaces. The aim was to evaluate the independent/synergistic effect of prolonged storage (1-4 year) and dehiscence status (split/unsplit) on KP's morphometry and chemical composition. Whole nut's and kernel's length, width, thickness, surface area, and volume were more affected by dehiscence (split > unsplit; p ≤ 0.01) than storage time; Kernel's mass, macronutrient composition and tocopherols (T)/tocotrienols (T3) were not much affected by dehiscence but time-trend correlations were observed with macronutrient composition (split/unsplit; ρ = - 0.57-0.42) and T + T3 (unsplit; ρ = 0.81). Specific/total fatty acids were affected by a complex dehiscence × storage time interaction, and they linearly correlated with certain morphometric characteristics (r ≥ 0.6). Shell dehiscence status more than prolonged storage substantially modifies KP's quality.

Systematic Physical Exercise and Spirulina maxima Supplementation Improve Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Blood Lipid Profile: Correlations of a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

Cardiovascular diseases are part of the highly preventable chronic diseases associated with changes in lifestyle. Within them, physical activity, low-fat and high-fiber diets are distinguished as the main support for prevention, even when supplementation with nutraceuticals has become a very common practice. Fifty-two young sedentary men with excess body weight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg·m-2) were enrolled in a randomized-crossover controlled trial [six weeks of a systematic physical exercise with Spirulina maxima or placebo supplementation (4.5 g·day-1)]. Body composition, blood lipid profile, and maximal oxygen uptake were determined pre/post intervention. Pairwise comparisons showed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) on blood lipid profile in the group of exercise plus Spirulina maxima. Moreover, correlations of absolute changes of BMI, body fat percentage, blood lipids and maximal oxygen uptake were statistically significant (p < 0.01). These results indicate that the Spirulina maxima supplementation could be acting in a synergistic way with exercise due to the enhanced effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood lipid profile. This phenomenon should be considered to reduce risk of cardiovascular disorders. Trial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT02837666 (July 19, 2016).

Taninos hidrolizables; bioquímica, aspectos nutricionales y analíticos y efectos en la salud / Hydrolyzable Tannis. Biochemistry, nutritional & analytical aspects and health effects

Introducción: Los taninos hidrolizables (TH) se han convertido en un tema de interés científico debido a su potencial nutraceutico. Tanto los galotatninos (GT) como los elagitaninos (ET) muestran diversas propiedades bioquímicas que, dentro del individuo que las consume, se traducen en diversos beneficios para la salud (e.g. anti- diabéticas, anti-mutagénica, antimicrobianas) asociados a su capacidad antioxidante (CAOX). Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos más relevantes (aspectos bioquímicos, nutricionales/analíticos y efectos a la salud) reportados en la literatura científica sobre TH. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) y documentos de libre acceso (Google Scholar) sobre TH, GT y ET. Esta información fue posteriormente sub-clasificada en aspectos bioquímicos, nutricionales y analíticos (revisión narrativa) y efectos a la salud (revisión sistemática). Resultados: La complejidad molecular y cantidad elevada de grupos hidroxilo (-OH) en un amplio universo de ET y GT es responsable no solo de una diversidad de métodos para su extracción y purificación sino también son responsables de diversos efecto pro- y anti-fisiológicos como la inhibición reversible de enzimas, secreción proteica, CAOX y efectos antiproliferativos. Conclusiones: La asociación de ET y GT con diversas biomoléculas presentes en los alimentos y/o macromoléculas del tracto digestivo, limitan en muchos casos la propia CAOX de estos compuestos pero en cambio permiten la distribución diferencial de GT y ET a distintos órganos blanco de tal forma que sus efectos en la salud aparentemente son diferenciales (AU)

Introduction: Hydrolysable tannins (HT) have been of scientific interest because of their nutraceutical potential. Both gallotannins (GT) and ellagitannins (ET) show different biochemical properties that result in various health benefits (eg anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial) for consumers, all associated with their antioxidant capacity (AOXc). Objective: To analyze the most relevant aspects (biochemical, nutritional/analytical and health effects) of HT reported in the scientific literature. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in several databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) and free-access repositories (Google Scholar) on HT, GT and ET. This information was further sub-classified into biochemical, nutritional and analytical aspects (narrative review) and health effects (systematic review). Results: The high molecular complexity and amount of hydroxyl groups (-OH) in both ET and GT, are responsible not only for a plethora of methods for extraction and purification but also for the several pro-and anti-physiological effects of them such as enzyme inhibitions, protein excretion stimulation, AOXc and anti-proliferative effects. Conclusions: The association of ET/GT with several macromolecules present in foodstuffs and the digestive tract, counter act the AOXc of these compounds but conversely allow the differential distribution of GT and ET to different target organs in such way that their health effects seems to be different (AU)

[Hydrolyzable tannins; biochemistry, nutritional & analytical aspects and health effects]. / Taninos hidrolizables; bioquímica, aspectos nutricionales y analíticos y efectos en la salud.

INTRODUCTION: Hydrolysable tannins (HT) have been of scientific interest because of their nutraceutical potential. Both gallotannins (GT) and ellagitannins (ET) show different biochemical properties that result in various health benefits (eg anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial) for consumers, all associated with their antioxidant capacity (AOXc). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the most relevant aspects (biochemical, nutritional/analytical and health effects) of HT reported in the scientific literature. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in several databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) and free-access repositories (Google Scholar) on HT, GT and ET. This information was further sub-classified into biochemical, nutritional and analytical aspects (narrative review) and health effects (systematic review). RESULTS: The high molecular complexity and amount of hydroxyl groups (-OH) in both ET and GT, are responsible not only for a plethora of methods for extraction and purification but also for the several pro-and anti-physiological effects of them such as enzyme inhibitions, protein excretion stimulation, AOXc and anti-proliferative effects. CONCLUSIONS: The association of ET/GT with several macromolecules present in foodstuffs and the digestive tract, counteract the AOXc of these compounds but conversely allow the differential distribution of GT and ET to different target organs in such way that their health effects seems to be different.

Introducción: Los taninos hidrolizables (TH) se han convertido en un tema de interés científico debido a su potencial nutraceutico. Tanto los galotatninos (GT) como los elagitaninos (ET) muestran diversas propiedades bioquímicas que, dentro del individuo que las consume, se traducen en diversos beneficios para la salud (e.g. anti- diabéticas, anti-mutagénica, antimicrobianas) asociados a su capacidad antioxidante (CAOX). Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos más relevantes (aspectos bioquímicos, nutricionales/analíticos y efectos a la salud) reportados en la literatura científica sobre TH. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) y documentos de libre acceso (Google Scholar) sobre TH, GT y ET. Esta información fue posteriormente sub-clasificada en aspectos bioquímicos, nutricionales y analíticos (revisión narrativa) y efectos a la salud (revisión sistemática). Resultados: La complejidad molecular y cantidad elevada de grupos hidroxilo (-OH) en un amplio universo de ET y GT es responsable no solo de una diversidad de métodos para su extracción y purificación sino también son responsables de diversos efecto pro- y anti-fisiológicos como la inhibición reversible de enzimas, secreción proteica, CAOX y efectos antiproliferativos. Conclusiones: La asociación de ET y GT con diversas biomoléculas presentes en los alimentos y/o macromoléculas del tracto digestivo, limitan en muchos casos la propia CAOX de estos compuestos pero en cambio permiten la distribución diferencial de GT y ET a distintos órganos blanco de tal forma que sus efectos en la salud aparentemente son diferenciales.